Mr a robinoson free essay sample

Individual cleanliness is significant for various reasons including; Health needs, on the off chance that you have explicit wellbeing needs poor individual cleanliness can affect this, Appearance, great individual cleanliness is reflected in your appearance, Social Acceptance, it is socially adequate to have great degree of cleanliness, Working Environment, it is imperative to glance respectable in the workplace. 1. 2 Poor individual cleanliness can have various effects on an individual’s wellbeing and prosperity; truly it could prompt contamination, ailment, worsening of a current condition or contagious conditions. Socially and genuinely it could prompt social prohibition, distance, harassing and absence of fearlessness. 2. 1 Addressing individual cleanliness matters is tied in with being conciliatory for instance by inquiring as to whether they might want to have a shower as opposed to stating I think you need a shower. In any case, you should recollect that despite the fact that you may imagine that it is imperative to shower or shower each day the individual probably won't concur. We will compose a custom article test on Mr a robinoson or then again any comparable subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In the event that there is a positive issue about their own cleanliness, for example, others grumbling that the individual scents then you should address it secretly and in a way that shows regard. On the off chance that you have to reveal to them that they smell you dont cause an issue of it yet just to clarify that it tends to be effectively managed and you are there to help on the off chance that they wish. 2. 2 When attempting to make people mindful of the impacts of poor individual cleanliness on others a smart thought is to ask them how they would feel, and utilize normally happening occasions, for example, when they are toileting to disclose to them why it is imperative to wash their hands and so on. Or on the other hand you could set up banners, give them flyers. 2. 3 When supporting a person to create and improve cleanliness schedules it is s smart thought to help the person with each undertaking at that point permitting them to do what they can all alone, giving them more freedom bit by bit. Take the individual looking for toiletries and make it something that they can appreciate, anyway recollect that not every person wants to shower ordinary so don’t push it excessively hard. 3. 1 Maintaining individual cleanliness is important for some reasons; these can be close to home, social, for wellbeing reasons, mental or basically as a lifestyle. Basically keeping a decent standard of cleanliness assists with forestalling the turn of events and spread of contaminations, diseases and awful scents. There are numerous contributory elements that make up close to home cleanliness with the principle ones being washing, oral consideration, hair care, nail care, wound consideration, purifying of individual utensils, Personal cleanliness is as it says, individual. Everyone has their own propensities and norms that they have been instructed or that they have gained from others. It is basically the advancement and continuation of good wellbeing. Likely the most significant part of all, food cleanliness is firmly connected with individual cleanliness. Other contributory variables can be good examples, mental self portrait, schedule/propensity, freedom and so forth 3. 2 It is essential to help the inclinations and necessities of the individual, for example, solace, wellbeing and security, favored items, help choosing what things they need/need. While keeping up their freedom however much as could reasonably be expected, for example, supporting and empowering own decision with items and techniques. 3. 3 Keeping up pride of an individual while supporting them with cozy individual cleanliness can remember considering individual convictions and inclinations, for example, empowering them to pick their degree of individual neatness, satisfactory offices gave, decision of own toiletries. Talk about cleanliness routine and concur on access to the offices and hardware. 3. 4 With helping a person with close to home cleanliness, there comes the hazard to possess wellbeing these can extend from spread of disease to hypersensitivities to specific items which is the reason it is critical to wear the right PPE. Lessening the hazard to your own wellbeing while helping a person with individual cleanliness incorporates; being completely mindful of the procedures and systems, right utilization of PPE, and having great relational abilities and great degrees of correspondence with the person. 3. 6 Other individuals that might be associated with supporting a person to keep up great individual cleanliness could incorporate; beautician, dental specialist, podiatrist, medicinal services center, GP and so forth 4. 1 Basic individual issues that might be the reason for poor individual cleanliness can incorporate limitations because of physical variables, for example, tallness, weight, size, hypersensitivities or sensitivities additionally psychological sickness, for example, wretchedness, dementia, schizophrenia and learning handicaps. 4. 2 Underlying issues can be tended to through the successful execution of an individual’s individual focused consideration plan, just as dynamic help of people by helping them comprehend and address any physical factors, for example, skin conditions, personal stench, weight issues and so forth. With issues, for example, emotional wellness the counsel and backing of an expert would be fitting.

Government and Insurance Case Study Essay Example

Government and Insurance Case Study Essay Example Government and Insurance Case Study Essay Government and Insurance Case Study Essay The cases that the administration protection are accepting will in general be a lot higher than what the individuals who money and convey are required to pay. The administration is paying essentially higher cases for individuals from medicare and Medicaid than the individuals who don't utilize government protection and pay with money. The administration feels they are being exploited in this framework and have forced laws that presently deny that a companys’ claims be in overabundance of 120% of what the conventional, or normal, charges would be without acceptable aim. Conceivably, government programs repayment sums surpass the retail deals cost for items since clients are increasingly confined and requires a broad number of inward procedures and technique. The repayment sums are set by the program substance. The way toward selling merchandise includes extra ordered by law thought past the typical money and convey process, including the handling of protection cases and validation of item conveyance. Another potential could be a result of the nondurable clinical supplies, and how the procedure is unwieldy as the items are provided to clients on a month to month premise. We don't believe that the repayment rate for this organization is significantly in abundance. So as to consent to the entirety of the administrations prerequisites, there are noteworthy working costs that must be brought about to get the items to where they should be. Taking a gander at TABLE 6, you can see that the item cost per unit is essentially higher for the items offered to th e administration than the items offered to the money and convey clients in light of these extra working costs that are brought about. Consequently, this organization ought to have great motivation to charge a higher rate for repayment rate all together the permit the business to work at a benefit and make it worth while to keep giving items to these clients. Despite the fact that the numbers are not given to perceive what the organization charges for :

The Stroop Effect Is Naming the Color but Not the Word

The Stroop Effect Is Naming the Color but Not the Word Theories Cognitive Psychology Print The Stroop Effect: Naming a Color but Not the Word Create Your Own Stroop Effect Experiment By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on October 14, 2019 BraunS / Getty Images More in Theories Cognitive Psychology Behavioral Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The Stroop effect is a phenomenon that occurs when you must say the color of a word but not the name of the word. For example, blue might be printed in red and you must say the color rather than the word.   Understanding the Stroop Effect While it might sound simple, the Stroop effect refers to the delayed reaction times when the  color  of the word doesnt match the name of the word. Its easier to say the color of a word if it matches the semantic meaning of the word. For example, if someone asked you to say the color of the word black that was also printed in black ink, it would be much easier to say the correct color than if it were printed in green ink. The task demonstrates the effect that interference can have when it comes to reaction time. It was first described during the 1930s by American psychologist John Ridley Stroop for whom the phenomenon is named. His original paper describing the effect has become one of the most famous, as well as one of the most frequently cited, in the history of psychology. The effect has been replicated hundreds of times by other researchers. For students of psychology looking for a relatively easy and interesting experiment to try on their own, replicating the Stroop effect can be a great option. How the Stroop Effect Works The words themselves interfere with your ability to quickly say the correct color of the word. Two different theories have been proposed to explain this phenomenon: Selective attention theory: According to this theory, naming the actual color of the words requires much more attention than simply reading the text.Speed of processing theory: This theory states that people can read words much faster than they can name colors. The speed at which we read makes it much more difficult to name the color of the word after weve read the word.Automaticity:  This theory proposes that automatic reading doesnt require focused attention. Instead, the brain simply engages in it automatically. Recognizing colors, on the other hand, may be less of an automated process. While the brain registers written meaning automatically, it does require a certain amount of attentional resources to process color, making it more difficult to process color information and therefore slowing down reaction times. Performing Your Own Stroop Effect Experiment There are a number of different approaches you could take in conducting your own Stroop effect experiment. The following are just a few ideas you might explore: Compare reaction times among different groups of participants. Have a control group say the colors of words that match their written meaning. Black would be written in black, blue written in blue, etc. Then, have another group say the colors of words that differ from their written meaning. Finally, ask a  third group of participants to say the colors of random words that dont relate to colors. Then, compare your results.Try the experiment with a young child that has not yet learned to read. How does the childs reaction time compare to that of an older child who has learned to read?Try the experiment with uncommon color names, such as lavender or chartreuse. How do the results differ from those who were shown the standard color names? Terms and Key Questions for Background Research Before you begin your experiment, there are some key terms and concepts you should understand, including: Selective attention: This is the way we focus on a particular item for a selected period of time.Control group: In an experiment, the control group doesnt receive the experimental treatment. This group is extremely important when comparing it to the experimental group to see how or if they differ.  Independent variable: This is the part of an experiment thats changed. In a Stroop effect experiment, this would be the colors of the words.  Dependent variable: The part of an experiment thats measured.  In a Stroop effect experiment, it would be reaction times.Other variables:  Consider what other variables might impact reaction times and experiment with those.

The Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment - 948 Words

The government and Darpa have openly admitted in creating a way to manipulate the weather, the reason the government would have created a way to manipulate weather is for self-benefit of the country or for political reasons, such as dis-forming a monstrous hurricane or helping precipitation occur in an area suffering with drought, the end game in this conspiracy would be for the United States to have complete control if manipulating the weather anywhere in the world and by doing this it would allow the U.S. to have total control of the other countries and continents. Geoengineering is the deliberate manipulation of an environment process that affects the earth’s climate in an attempt to counteract the effects of global warming, it is a wake-up call that our planet is dying. Geoengineering studies include the principles – which are intended to guide development, the categories: solar geoengineering and carbon geoengineering, which are aimed to tackle temperature and the techniques used to gather data that could change and be good for the planet. Geoengineering research is still at a very early stage but may need to be developed sooner due to the world which is ever changing for the worse, but never the less it is still important that scientist are given the space within which to ask and to try and answer difficult questions, only through combined modeling and field research can we generate the evidence base for a salient answer on whether climate engineering is a good or badShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Global Environment1144 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming has emerged as one of the most serious concerns for scientists and environmentalists in the 21st century. This is based on the negative impact of global warming, which is not limited to deforestation, drastic variations in climate, decline in output of global agricultural industry, degradation of ice sheets in Antarctic, decrease in ocean productivity, rise in sea lev els, and increase in tornadoes, hurricanes and floods. The primary reason for global warming has been identified asRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment977 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Global Warming Introduction Global warming has been discussion for many years, but has, in the last decade or two been at the forefront of attention. The enormous effects and potential risks on humanity that can result from rise in global temperatures and the environment must be addressed, because the earth after all is finite. â€Å"Globalization refers to the rise of average temperature of oceans and earth’s atmosphere. Since the beginning of the 20th century, the earth’s average surfaceRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment1224 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming continues to be a huge concern affecting the environment, people and the world. If action to stop this phenomenon is not taken immediately by the global community, the consequences will certainly be catastrophic. Already, some of the consequences of global warming are being felt globally. The frequency and intensity of tropical storms has increased as a result of global warming. Global temperatures continue to rise at rapid and unprecedented rates. According to scientific researchRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effect On The Environment1311 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Global warming refers to an incremental in earth’s temperature. Some believes this is occurring naturally but the prevailing view attributes climate change to the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect refers to the warming resulting from certain gases such as carbon dioxide in Earth s atmosphere trapping heat. These gases traps heat but let light in, similarly to the glass walls of a greenhouse. The general belief is that mankind are chiefly responsible for global warming becauseRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment1549 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming is an increasing in average global temperatures across the planet. This is due to the rising temperatures on the continent. Temperatures continue to rise yearly causing global warming. The greenhouse effect is sun light radiation being driven back to the earth. When solar energy is released into the atmosphere, there is an effect of bouncing back. Solar radiation is bounced back into the atmosphere causing the temperature of the earth to remain steady. However, over time greenhouseRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Environment Essay1516 Words   |  7 PagesSome people say global warming is caused by human activity, others say global warming doesn’t even exist. Some people claim that the climate is changing for the worse. They believe that humans are the primary cause of these changes, especially the increase in temperature, caused by the burning of fossil fuels. They believe that the temperature changes are causing glaciers to melt. They claim that the melting of ice masses leads to a higher sea level and worsening conditions for Arctic animals, asRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment1175 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal warming, according to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, â€Å"refers to the recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature near Earth s surface.† Effects of human influence on the environment has long been a cause of concern regarding the disturbance of the â€Å"natural order.† Although a cycle which results in the periodic increase and decrease of the average global temperature has long been known to exist, due to new data suggesting the substantial and relatively r ecentRead MoreThe Effects Of Global Warming On The Environment1453 Words   |  6 PagesHuman impact such as industrialization, livestock farming and the increase in recent population have all caused serious environmental impacts that have let to dramatic global climate change. â€Å"Scientists generally agree that the globe has warmed over the past 40 years, due largely to human activities that raise carbon-dioxide levels in the atmosphere† (Clemet). Greenhouse gasses have always existed, but not to the extent that they do in today’s world; they are causing a dramatic change in climateRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Environment928 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Global Warming†-The Biggest Scam of Modern Times Global warming is the steady increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature. There are two sides of this story. Some people believe that global warming is caused by the natural components in the environment and not man-made production of carbon dioxide, while the others believe that it is caused by man-made production of carbon dioxide and not by natural components in the environment. Global warming is due to the increased level in temperatureRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Environment999 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Global Warming†-TheBiggest Scam of Modern Times Global warming is the steady increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature. There are two sides of this story. Some people believe that global warming is caused by natural components in the environment and not man-made production of carbon dioxide, while the others believe that it is caused by man-made production of carbon dioxide and not by natural components in the environment. Global warming is due to the increased level in temperature of

“Because I could not stop for Death” and “Annabel Lee”...

In literature, themes shape and characterize an author’s writing making each work unique as different points of view are expressed within a writing’s words and sentences. This is the case, for example, of Edgar Allan Poe’s poem â€Å"Annabel Lee† and Emily Dickinson’s poem â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death.† Both poems focus on the same theme of death, but while Poe’s poem reflects that death is an atrocious event because of the suffering and struggle that it provokes, Dickinson’s poem reflects that death is humane and that it should not be feared as it is inevitable. The two poems have both similarities and differences, and the themes and characteristics of each poem can be explained by the author’s influences and lives. â€Å"Although Emily†¦show more content†¦Death is inevitable; it should not be feared but instead accepted, and this is the main idea and theme explored in Emily Dickinson’s â€Å"Because I could not stop for Death.† In the poem, Death is personified as a gentleman who â€Å"kindly stopped [stops] for me [her]† (Dickinson 2), â€Å"slowly drove [drives] †¦ know[ing] no haste† (Dickinson 5), and with whom she stops at a â€Å"house that seemed [seems]/ A swelling of the ground† (Dickinson 17-18) or in other words, her grave. To begin the poem, the fact that Death is represented as â€Å"if he were a human being† (Evans 15) implies that it is humane. This contributes to the idea that death is not to fear. Later on, it can be concluded that this person has control over her as she describes how she â€Å"had put away / My [her] labor, and my [her] leisure too, / for his civility† (Dickinson 6-8), which implies that â€Å"e verything that had once seemed so important and distracting now recedes in importance† (Evans 17), and how he â€Å"slowly drove [drives] †¦ know[ing] no haste† (Dickinson 5), which gives â€Å"no clear sense of the underlying purpose of the journey or its ultimate destination† (Evans 16) and thus implies that only Death knows the path and destination of the journey. Both of these examples contribute to the fact that Death completely controls a person against its will and that it is inevitable. Finally when â€Å"we [they] paused before a house that seemed / A swelling of the ground† (Dickinson

The world has and entirely new definitions Free Essays

The world of today is converted into a small sphere were distances have been abridged; connectivity around the globe is possible at the blink of an eye. The world has and entirely new definitions in respect to interdependence of social, technological, cultural, political and economics. A man of today is equipped with the power of that evolved slowly through the passage of time and eventually termed as â€Å"globalization†. We will write a custom essay sample on The world has and entirely new definitions or any similar topic only for you Order Now Before examining its effect and the impacts it has on the world we need to identify what actually is termed as globalization. The Encyclopedia Britannica says that globalization is the â€Å"process by which the experience of everyday life †¦ is becoming standardized around the world.† While some scholars and observers of globalization stress convergence of patterns of production and consumption and a resulting homogenization of culture, others stress that globalization has the potential to take many diverse forms. In economics, globalization is the convergence of prices, products, wages, rates of interest and profits towards developed country norms. Globalization of the economy depends on the role of human migration, international trade, movement of capital, and integration of financial markets. The International Monetary Fund notes the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions, free international capital flows, and more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology. Theodore Levitt is usually credited with globalization’s first use in an economic context. In wider aspects the world in now getting closer and closer into a small village, where there is an increased economic independence. Information technology has been the stepping stone for the this rapid change, telecommunication has set up unconceivable lines of communication which eventually has set up the fast moving trend of progress. Factors of globalization that is unrelated or without technological change in general or information technology in particular does not seem to have a progressive trend, that is the major block of upward movement in the world economy is primarily because of the advancement in information technology. Perhaps the most important of these factors is the more liberal approach to international trade and foreign investment that has been adopted in many countries, developed as well as developing. As noted above from the science and technology point of view policy in developing countries, it is useful to abstract from all these other influences on globalization and focus instead on the respects in which globalization can be described as technological phenomenon. Until just a few years ago, very few people could have imagined that IT would have such an enormous influence on the societies and economies of countries all over the world. Among other things, IT, and particularly the emergence of the Internet with its openness and global reach, is having a drastic influence on methods of business and communication. The IT revolution is taking place all over the world and Japan is no exception. According to provisional calculations by the Economic Planning Agency, the advancing IT revolution will boost Japan’s real GDP by 6% over the next five years, an average of more than 1% a year. Although Japan’s aging population with lower birthrate is inevitable, IT is expected to offset the negative impact of the expected decrease in population, according to the same provisional calculations. Globalization has stepped up the economy of the world; developing countries have had a rising uphill trend in its economies. How to cite The world has and entirely new definitions, Papers

Strategy of the Central Bank of Nigeria-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Change Management Strategy of the Central Bank of Nigeria. Answer: Introduction: The report gives a brief overview of the development of change management strategy of an established organization. Here in the report the organization chosen is the Central Bank of Nigeria. Thus, the report has a brief description about the bank, its stakeholders and the development of the change management strategy. The report then draws a picture on the first six steps of Kotters model and to what extent the chosen organization aligns its strategies of change based on the proposed model. There is discussion of the external and internal factors of the Central Bank of Nigeria that is responsible for creation of urgency. The report also focuses on the identification of the change events for the bank and analyzing of the attributes and characteristics for coalition building. There is also focus on identification of the goals and broader strategies of the bank in the light of forming a vision. Further, there is a detailed analysis of evolving, improving and monitoring of the strategies for change management undertaken in the context of the bank. The report also gives a brief overview of the relevant tools and techniques used by the Central Bank of Nigeria for communicating the vision. The report also discusses about the removal of the obstacles by the Central Bank of Nigeria through the identification of resistance from potential risk and various stakeholders that is associated with the process of change. Finally, the report speaks about creation of short-term goals of the Central Bank for the realization of the strategic change in management and ends in with a proper conclusion Development of Change Management Strategy (in consideration of Stakeholders) The company chosen here is the Central Bank of Nigeria. The establishment of the Central Bank of Nigeria dates back to 1958 under the CBN act but the commencement of its operation began on first of July1959. The primary regulatory objectives of the bank as per the act was the maintenance of countrys external reserve, promotion of stable financial ambience through proper monetary supply and act as a financial aid as well as advisor to federal government. The end of the imperial rule saw the government in a proactive state especially for economic development. Thus, such desire of the government remained fulfilled by the bank that provided aid to any shortfall in the allocations of credit for the real estate sector (Ovat 2012). Soon the bank also got involved in lending financial help to the customers through various commercial banks. However, government remained actively involved in building the equity centers and nations money through the help of Central Bank of Nigeria. The governmen t also ensured the formation of the securities regulatory board and introduction of instruments related to treasury of the capital markets. The stakeholders of the Central Bank of Nigeria includes other commercial banks, insurance firms, various regulators, development experts and partners, government and public sector institutions, telecommunications/technology firms and other financial institutions(Madawaki, A., 2012). The present scenario is becoming increasingly challenging and complex for the Central Bank of Nigeria (Adeniji, Osibanjo and Abiodun 2013). The bank has not only become targets of cyber attacks and but also suffers regulation on staff planning based on increased budget constraints and demographics. In addition to this, there has also been a change in the mandates of the Central Bank. However, studies have shown that integration of risk management at the early stage of annual plan and strategic plan development can be beneficial. The functions of the risk management that aligns with the day-to -day business procedures can lead to important insights for the people responsible for the strategic planning process (Achumba, Ighomereho, and Akpor-Robaro 2013). However, the forward-looking nature of the strategic planning process is necessary to identify areas of potential risk in future. Thus, it is very important for the integration of risk management with strategic performance and planning management for ensuring better management of the Central Banks reputation and business risk. Creation of Sense of Urgency (Evaluation of the Internal and External Factors of The Organization) Sense of Urgency? According to the model proposed by Kotter, the first step involves creation of urgency. Thus, for a change to occur it requires involvement of the whole organization. This leads to the creation of initial spark for motivating and driving things into action (Appelbaum et. al 2012). Creation of urgency does not only involve showing the people the poor statistics of sales or speaking about enhanced competition but it also leads to convincing and ensure honest conversation with the competitors about the whereabouts of the marketplace. Thus, if there are quite a number of people who considers the change then based on it the urgency can be built and thereby necessary actions taken. Therefore as per Kotter there are few guidelines that need to be followed for the creation of urgency. These are as follows: (1) Identifying the potential threats and developing scenarios that portray the happenings of the future. (2) Examining opportunities that could have been or should have been exploited (3) There should be discussions that should include convincing and dynamic reasons to motivate people to think or talk (4) Requesting the support of the outside stakeholders, customers and industry people to validate the argument related to change. External Factors Applying Kotters theory, the sense of urgency in the Central Bank of Nigeria identified through the the external factors. Here, the external factors refers to the impact of environment on business processes, strategies, visions and missions of the bank (Irefin, Abdul-Azeez and Tijani 2012). However, the business of an organization operates within a bigger framework of external environment that not only enables shaping opportunities but poses potential threat to the organization. However, for the banking sector the external environment comprises of a cluster of complicated, fast changing and noteworthy interacting organizations responsible for affecting the companys ability to deal with the customers. Thus, business must be aware of the environmental conditions that interfere with decisions of marketing strategy. Thus, the environmental conditions must include operational challenges, globalization, economic trend, previous management failures and market pressure and government legisla tion. Internal Factors According to Kotters theory, the sense of urgency in the Central Bank of Nigeria identified through the evaluation of the internal factors. The internal factors include that have a significant impact on the profitability of the Central Bank of Nigeria are asset quality ratio, liquidity ratio, management efficiency ratio and capital ratio. These factors influenced by the management decisions of the bank (Onuonga, S.M., 2014). The asset quality ratio represents the evaluation or review of accessing the credit risk in accordance with the asset chosen. On the other hand, the liquidity ratio refers to the measurement of ability of the company for paying its debt obligations and its safety margins through metrics calculation that includes quick ratio, current ratio and operating cash flow ratio. The efficiency ratio is the measurement of the banks capability in using its liabilities and assets internally. Capital ratio measures the level to which Central Bank of Nigeria finances operation through the issue of shares and profit retention calculated as a percentage of its assets. Coalition Building (Identifying Change Events and Analyzing their Characteristic and Attributes) According to the Kotters, formation of an effective coalition involves step 2 of the change model. Therefore, for a strategic change movement it is very necessary to make people believe in the importance of change (Mou 2013). This first step towards the process is to identify the stakeholders of the company. Thus, for Central Bank of Nigeria it is necessary to identify the government and public sector institutions, telecommunications/technology firms, regulators, other banks and insurance firms who pose as stakeholders. Then the next step involved is to identify the emotional commitment from them. There should also be efforts on effective team building with identification of the weak areas of the team. The team involved should also be a mix of good people from various departments of the bank. Forming a Vision (Developing Goals and Broad Strategy) In step 4, Kotter focuses on the creation of a vision for undertaking a change. This can be explained by saying that when an organization thinks of a change in vision there are ample ideas and solutions that pours in. Therefore, the ideas undertaken for initiating a change in vision in an organizational structure should be such that they are easily understood by the employees. Therefore, in order to do it is very important to determine the values that are essential for the change (Okafor 2012). Then there should be development of short summary that will capture the ideas that foresee the future of the company. Further, there must be a strategy to execute the vision. Additionally, there must also be assurance that the coalition building is able to describe the vision in no less than five minutes. Moreover, a vision speech should describe the present scenario of the company. In this regard, the Central Bank of Nigeria should be inclined and have greater involvement towards the making of economic policy and implementation that involves various events from the last financial crisis. This was done in addition to the traditional functions that involved determining the money supply and interest rates for achieving price stability, implementation and formulation of monetary policy, supervising and regulating the financial and banking systems, financial market stability and management of foreign reserves (Amah and Ahiauzu 2014). Further, the economic crisis has forced the central bank to implement macroeconomic management policies in various nations. Therefore, in Nigeria it became crucial to include a governor in the economic management team of Central Bank so that policies are aligned with the development taking place globally. Thus, the role that Central Bank of Nigeria plays in a developing economy like Nigeria is more demanding than the crisis management. The Nigerian economy has a faltering process of development and lack of professionalism in the formulation and management of economic policy that justifies the fact that Central Bank of Nigeria should be involved more actively in matters related to macroeconomic policy (Odior and Banuso 2012). Monitoring, improving and Evolving Monitoring: Thus, in order to deliver change it is very important to measure and monitor outcome. However, reporting, and clarity of change is also necessary. Compared to commercial sectors, Central Bank has less clarity in the metrics related to market share and profit (Agbada and Osuji 2013). However, a clear discussion on the strategic journey of the Central Bank of Nigeria with reference to labor division between the department heads and the board members responsible for setting policies can explain the extent to which Central Bank of Nigeria show the effectiveness of change and the ways they ensure for valuing their money. Improving: For improvement, there should be a thorough analysis of project management long with the value chain. Therefore, one can see that Central Bank of Nigeria is responsible for managing multiple activities that are in a way resulting in the performance and improvement of various processes of the bank (Von 2012). Thus, the details of the conduct of each department along with the processes and the portfolio of employees responsible are recognized. The work of the value chain however plays a pivotal role in the management of the organization through the linkage of tactic and strategic planning, development and training, risk management, communication, documentation and cost (Peppard and Ward 2016). Evolving: The present scenario puts the bank in a position where they consider the strategic function to be a part of the management structure of Central Bank. However, in this context it be can be said that the leadership, resourcing, profile and buy-in function is necessary for further evolution of the strategic functions within the bank (Adeniji, Osibanjo and Abiodun 2013). Now it is matter of time to wait and see as to how the evolution of the strategic function can further uplift the role of the central bank to deliver sensible practices. Communicating the Vision (Relevant Tools and Techniques to Implement the Changes and Creating an Implementation Plan) According to Kotters model of change step 4 involves the communication of the vision. The vision must strongly be communicates so that it becomes a part of everything that is done within the company (Gorran 2013). In addition to special meetings called for communicating the vision there should be situation when the vision spoken about often. Further, the anxieties and concern of people addressed honestly and openly. Thus, the vision must reflect in all aspects of the operation that ranges from reviews of performance to training. Thus, if the scenario of the Central Bank understood in this context it is important to identify the tools and techniques. Therefore, the tools and techniques for implementation of changes are as follows: Making of the Strategic Plan The strategic planning considered a very effective framework when the Central Bank of Nigeria is undergoing changes that are not only institutional but operational. Therefore, strategic planning enables the bank to deal respond to opportunities, challenges and emerging trends (Quirke 2012). The bank must devote time to ensure that the set objectives are practical enough and are in alignment with the departmental strategy of the Central Bank. Effective Implementation across Institution There is criticality in deriving a strategic vision based on institutional objective; the impact of the change depends on its implementation compared to the formulation of the strategies. In order to do this, a requirement of departmental goal is necessary that must be aligning with the strategic objectives. Implementation refers to the measurement and evaluation of the strategies along with them being operational (Swayne, Duncan and Ginter 2012) . Here, focus is on measuring matrixes, communication, organizational values, culture, and the dynamics of the team. Role of Human Resource (HR) in the Change However, for communicating the vision the HR plays a vital role. Thus, in Central Bank of Nigeria the function of HR should be to provide aid in the process of planning thus ensuring that people not only have experience but they also have the right amount of knowledge and skills as per the strategic plan of the organization(Bratton and Gold 2012). HR strategies should therefore be in accordance with the overall corporate strategy. Generation of Strategic Communication The successful implementation of the strategic change is only possible when the entire organization is well informed. The message must therefore be tailored and not only well constructed for delivery. Thus, the task for of the planners does not end with the implementation of the change but also remains in its proper implementation. This is important because any kind of uncertainty among the staffs may create a hindrance in the implementation of the plan (Zafar and Afzal 2014). Therefore, it is of utmost importance to the Central Bank of Nigeria to undertake communication strategies as a part of their management and planning process. Ensuring Engagement and Leadership The Strategic change management is not just a mechanical process but is also an emotional process. Thus, the change can be at times be stressful for the staffs of the Central Bank of Nigeria if the vision remains unclear to them (Alhazemi, Rees and Hossain 2013). Therefore, the necessary step for the leaders of the team is to boost the enthusiasm and morale of the banking staffs through proper communicative means. Thus, for this purpose one can use various soft skills for enhancing better communication. Removing Obstacles (Identifying Possible Resistance from Various Stakeholders and Potential Risks Associated with Change Process as well as Possible Strategies to Manage Resistance The fifth step of the Kotters model for change focus on removal of the obstacle. This helps in empowering the people of the organization and in the execution of the vision. Thus, the removal of the obstacles refers to identification of the leaders who can understand the strategies for change (Pollack and Pollack 2015). Moreover, the model also stresses on identifying the people who will resist such change and thereby take immediate action for removal of the barriers. Thus, Central Bank of Nigeria should ensure undertaking the following measures for identifying the possible resistance and thereby overcoming it. Importance to Gut Feeling: There are cases that signal about the mistakes of an organization in the portrayal of the strategic change management to the people. Thus, choice of the right people for carrying the business forward is important (Burke 2017). The Central Bank of Nigeria must therefore make a choice involving the right amount of people who will be able to carry forward the strategic change movement. The bank should discard less competent staff from the management. Frugality in Company Value: There should be frugality in matters that involve company value. The Central Bank of Nigeria must convey a message to the staffs and employees to be frugal in matters that involves the company money. Thus, being frugal not only saves cost but also helps the company to move forward with the strategic change management. Abandon What Does Not Work To overcome the obstacles it is very necessary to evaluate the strategies that do not work before they become the reason for a major obstacle (Repoux 2014). Thus, it is important for the Central Bank of Nigeria to identify strategies that do not work. That will enable the bank to concentrate better on other strategies that work towards the change movement. Old Strategies to be Replaced There is an inbound tradition amongst organizations to stick to out of date modes. In this context, it is very important for the Central Bank of Nigeria to identify outdated modes of strategies that hampers business in the process. Thus, for implementing the strategic change management it is important for the organization to identify old strategies and replace them with new ones (Appelbaum et.al 2012). Identifying the Major Obstacle: The organization must identify and train the right people responsible for the growth of the business (Eayrs, Cadrin and Glass 2014). Thus, it is primary for the organization to identify the major obstacles that might pose hindrance to the strategic change management. In this context, this can however be said that the Central Bank of Nigeria should have clarity about the major obstacle that poses threat to the vision for change. Sticking to Vision: The level of the obstacle should be not so huge that it affects the vision of the company. Thus, no matter what the scenario is the Central Bank of Nigeria must adhere to the vision and ensure proper management of function (Calegari, Sibley and Turner 2015). Create Short Term Wins (Identifying Short Term Smart Goals) The Step 6 of Kotter model focuses on the creation of short-term goals. The goals are responsible for the improvement of the organization, on deciding the success of the organization, ensure overall visibility in the organization, and have a connection with strategic change movement (Fullan 2014). These goals therefore, lead to elimination of any kind of discouragement that the company faces and leads to any major change. In this regard, the Central Bank of Nigeria needs to undertake short-term goals that will lead the bank in the process of strategic change management. Specific Innovative Goals The organization should undertake setting specific goals that ensures reflection of the strategic change that management undertakes. However, while setting goals the company must consider them innovative (Kotter 2012). While setting goals it is of utmost importance for the company to make sure that they are team specific and thereby helps in building unity and benchmarks necessary for monitoring success. Ensure Sustainable Growth The choice of goals should be in a manner that ensures the company success through sustainable growth. The chosen goals should not only be aggressive but at the same time be attainable. The bank must also ensure that the employees have proper set of skill set to contribute to the realization of the goals. The usual trend seen is that when goals are in alignment with annual and quarterly reviews then there is persistence of sustainability in the execution of strategic change (Jeston and Nelis 2014). Setting Realistic Goals The initiation of team success with the desired set of goals will not only drive the need for more aggressive goals but will pump up the future strategies for change. The realistic nature of the goals not only allows the Central Bank of America to undertake measures for improving customer satisfaction but initiate necessary changes in the management (Parker et.al 2013). Thus, realistic goals are acting as the force that is responsible for driving the course of the business planning. Timeline Specific Goals The augmentation of the goal setting strategies is through the maintenance of manageable timelines and effective communication. Thus, through commitment, structure setting and execution of specific goals the banks culture will evolve in a manner that will not only sustain but support improvements (Lau 2015). However, the fixture of timeline towards a goal the bank is able to move forward with the strategies of change. Conclusion The report ends with the discussion of the sixth step of Kotters model of change that is creation of short-term goals. There is also a discussion on the various goals undertaken by chosen company, Central Bank of Nigeria. The report does an in detail analysis of the Kotters model of change and how it enables the company in undertaking strategic change management. Here in the report there is a linkage drawn between the Kotters first step of change that involves creation of urgency with how the Central Bank of Nigeria is playing a role in the adoption of urgency through internal and external factors. However, based on Kotters the second step on coalition building the report identifies the change agents, thereby analyses their characteristics, and attributes in relation to the Central Bank of Nigeria. The report further discusses on the third step of the Kotters model, thereby focusing on vision for change for the Central Bank of Nigeria in context of development of goals and broader st rategy. Further, there is discussion on the communication of the vision of selection of techniques and tools for implementation of the strategies for change management. Further briefing about the removal of the obstacles from the Central Bank of Nigeria done that involves identifying the resistance from stakeholders for the implementation of strategic change. In the report, one can also find the development of change management strategy from the point of view of the stakeholders. 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